Representations Of London Life In Brick Lane Cultural Studies Essay

Representations Of London Life In Brick Lane Cultural Studies Essay Monica Ali brings humour, grace and the special qualities of the best of Asian fiction to a narrative concerned with acceptance and denialWry and intelligent, subtle and graceful in its mix of formal prose, blackly despairing humour and fabulous characterization, this is a rich human novel'(The Sunday Express, India).Ali was not born in England but in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and moved to England at the age of three, where she was raised. She has never lived in Brick lane where the novel was focused on and she was from a middle- class family and eventually attended higher education at Wadham Collage, Oxford. Therefore, some people are starting to question how she managed to recreate the lifestyle of a Bangladeshi family living in the inner city of London. Firstly, she was born in Bangladesh which gave her a sense of attachment with her origin. Secondly, with the help from Naila Kabeer, whose study of Bangladeshi women garment workers in London and Dhaka, Monica Ali drew inspiration.(Brick Lane, P493). Moreover, her inspiration of the story was supported by many people whose have a strong social identity of Bangladeshi people in London and British immigrant experience. E.g. Nicole Aragi and Shofiur. The book follows Nazneen and Hasina, living very different lives in very different places, but finally daring to hope that they may have found a similar sort of happiness. The themes are the big ones identity, self-determination, the freight of family and they are kept afloat by the buoyancy of Alis characterisation, which occasionally verges on the Dickensian without ever resorting to caricature. In Nazneens world, everyone is convincingly governed by their own individual logic.(Harriet Lane ,The Observer Sunday 1 June 2003) The book exposes many features of London and its peoples daily life to the reader, which included issues like: Race tension, Cultures, Estate life, gender relation and the landscape of the city of London. However, I will be more focusing on the representation of Race tension and changing cultures in London. In due course, I will link some of these representations with the theory of place and identity (Tim Cresswell) , Robert Park and Mumford idea of City and Postcolonial London (John Mcleod). Since the end of Second World War, the urban and human geography of London has been irreversibly altered as a consequence of patterns of migration from countries with a history of colonialism , so that today a number of London s neighbourhoods are known primarily in terms of the overseas populations they have nurtured. Whitechapel and Tower Hamlets boast significant Bangladeshi communities. (John Mcleod) According to Mcleod , the multicultural London was developed during the postcolonial period and people from the ex-colony were flooding into the heart of the Empire -London, looking for a new life and opportunities. The story of Brick Lane was a direct product of postcolonial London, which is about change, cultural, social, and political and conflict. It was Black and Asian migrants who have together played a major role in creating Londons multicultural society and Brick Lane highlighted the levels of poverty and discrimination had on them. In other words, postcolonial London does not factually denote a given place or mark a stable location on a map. It emerges at the intersection of the concrete and the noumenal, between the material conditions of metropolitan life and the imaginative representations made of it. It is as much a product of facticity as a creation of the novels. ( John Mcleod) According to Lewis Mumford and Robert Park, city should not only defined by its physical for m. Whatever it was that makes a city a city (London), it had more to do with its social processes.(Doreen Massey) Decolonization has speeded up Londons heterogeneity, intensity of social interaction and contrasts. In order word, London as a World city is a city produced, experienced and lived imaginatively and also incubating new social relations and cultural forms which conflict with the advocacy of a national culture or the pursuit of cultural nationalism. (John Mcleod) With Vast numbers of people living in the city, there are bound to be wide range of variations amongst them. This should give rise to the spatial segregation of individuals according to colour, ethnic heritage, economic and social status, tastes and preferences. (Louis Wirth) In Brick Lane, Monica Ali portrayed the conflict between Race and culture of the inner city remarkably well. In Chapter two and three, she has focused on describing the culture of London and migrants in conversations between different characters. Two in one week! But now our children are copying what they see here, going to the pub, to nightclubs. Or drinking at home in their bedrooms where their parents think they are perfectly safe. The problem is our community is not properly educated said by Dr Azad (P.31, Chapter two), this short conversation between Chanu and Dr Azad clearly described the problem of inner city migrants whose have not educated enough to teach their offspring what is right or wrong, they neglected their children because they were busy working to earn money .Also the second generation migrants are generally copying the drinking culture but not controlling themselves. In Page 40, Monica uses the eye of the main Character Nazneen to describe the rotten anti social behavior by teenagers in council estate, She looked down into the courtyard. Two boys exchanged mock punches, feinting left and right. Cigarettes burned in their mouths. She opened the window and leaned into the breeze.(P.40). She also use the Tattoo Lady who did not get named to describe the working class white who lived in council housing and gave them a stereotype features She scratched her arms , her shoulders, the accessible portions of her buttocks. She yawned and lit a cigarette. At least two thirds of the flesh on show was covered in ink.Nazneen had never been close enough to decipher the designs.Chanu said the tattoo lady was Hells Angel. (P.18 Chapter one.) Monica once again uses conversation between characters to deliver the message to the reader, Three point five people to one room. Thats a council statistic ,Chanu told Nazneen. All crammed together. They cant stop having children, or they bring over all their relatives and pack them in like little fish in a tin. Its a Tower Hamlets official statistic: three point five Bangladeshis to one room. (P.49 Chapter. 2) , But the main thing is education. The parents are so ashamed they dont know what to do. Sometimes they send the child back home, where the really cheap.(P248 Chapter 12), We need two things .More drugs counselors and more jobs for the young people said the Doctor.(P249,Chapter 12)Up to here, she already given enough information for the reader to create own imagination of the rotten down and packed inner city estate area with high density of migrants ,working class white , second generation migrants ,drug problem and uneducated parents. Place is how we make the world meaningful and the way we experience the world. (Tim Cresswell) Place is about stopping and resting and becoming involved.While space is amenable to the abstraction of spatial science and economic rationality, place is amenable to discussions of things such as value and belonging. (Tuan 1977,149) Place is hard to define but Tuan and Cresswell had done its definition perfectly well. London is a Place, even Brick lane and Nazeens flat are also a place where everything is interacting with each other. It was the sense of place that creates the unique social structure of immigrant communities and London. Nazneen stared at a notice on the wall, printed in five languages. No smoking, no eating, no drinking.( P64, Chapter 3) In this passage, it was place which create this unique features of Brick lane as it has got all sort of foreigners lived in and they are interacting with each other within the same place. Moreover, In Chapter 14 , Monica describe the Chanu family have never left Brick lane or areas around it ,although places like the Houses of Parliament ,Buckingham Palace and Hype-Park are very close to Brick Lane. In a sense , she use the family tour day as a Metaphor to describe the immigrant family do not go out their own neighbourhood , a sense of isolation with other part of the city and an intense sense of localism. In the other hand, place had a profound effect on changing people e.g. Chanu (The educated), Mrs Azad and second generation migrants (Tariq, bibi and Shahana.). For example, Place has turned Chanu to mix into the English culture and eventually accepted it in order to survive in the society- its part of the culture here. Its so ingrained in the fabric of society. Back Home, if you drink you risk being an outcast. In London, if you dont drink you risk the same things.( P110, Chapter 5) ,another example from Mrs Azad during the conversation with Chanu Listen, when Im in Bangladesh I put on a sari and cover my head and all that. But here I go out to work. I work with white girls and I am just one of them.(P114, Chapter5) and also when Nazneen refers to Bangladesh as our country, Karim makes it clear that he considers England to be his country in page 212. (Bookrags) and Shahana spoke in English during the conversation with Chanu about intern et and technologies. -This little wire that goes into the telephone socket-do you see it ?- it all comes down the wire. We go on the internet at school,said Shahana, in English. (P200,Chapter 9) Home obviously means more than a natural of physical setting . Especially, the term cannot be limited to a built place. A useful point of departure for understanding home may be not its material manifestation but rather a concept : home is a unit of space organized mentally and materially to satisfy a peoples real and perceived basic biosocial needs and, beyond the , their higher aesthetic-political aspirations. (Tim Cresswell) There is a clear connection made between place and second generation migrants, they already regard London as the place they belong to, whereas Bangladeshi and the language of Bangladeshi (Bengali) are just memory and heritage of their parent. In a sense these second generation migrants were trying to produce a new type of social memory and eager to get out from the bottom of social hierarchy and mix in with the dominant social group within the place- London. Rootedness and authenticity .In Harveys discussion of place this meaning is retained but becomes a symbol of reactionary exclusivity. As long as place signifies a tight and relatively immobile connection between a groups of people and a site then it will be constantly implicated in the construction of us (people who belong in a place) and them (people who do not). (Tim Cresswell) In this way the rootedness and authenticity of place will create tension between different race groups, especially the working class white who are most threaten of their social and employment position to be taken out by the migrants. Therefore, conflict is inevitable. The following 2 extracts described the reason of racial tension perfectly well: It is the white underclass, like Wilkie, who are most afraid of people like me. To him, and people like him, we are the only thing standing in the way of them sliding totally to the bottom of the pile. As long as we are below them, then they are above something. If they see us rise then they are resentful because we have left our proper place. That is why you get the phenomenon of the National Front. They can play on those fears to create racial tensions, and give these people a superiority complex. The middle classes are more secure, and therefore more relaxed. Chanu said. (P38, Chapter two). Leaflet from Lion Heart (a white working class organization) HANDS OFF OUR BREASTS! The Islamification of our neighbourhood has gone too far. A Page 3 calendar and poster have been removed from the walls of our community hall. How long before the extremists are putting veils on our women and insulting our daughters for wearing short skirts? Do not tolerate it ! Write to the council! This is England! (P257 Ch12) These two extracts allow us to think how weak of the bond between national majorities and minorities. There are two main outcomes for migrants; they either become economic migrant which suggests that people enter the country just for the sake of money, making as much money as possible before returning. The other outcome is -Hyphenated British which indicates a movement from outsider to insider, from temporary resident to permanent settler and from a predominantly homogeneous to an increasingly heterogeneous society. (John Eade) However, the White majorities are the ones that feel most threaten, afraid of migrants taking out all of the available jobs within the City and also their living space, culture and social benefits. Linking back to the introduction, Monica Ali was not raised in the area of Brick Land and had never been in a working class family. The novel is completely a work of the imagination influenced by her fathers story of Mymensingh countryside and her friend Naila Kabeer who study about the lives of Bangladeshi women garment workers. Although this essay had only focused on the issues of changing culture, place/identity, and race tension ,there are still a lot more issues reflecting Londons life and the city of London itself e.g. Gender relations, Landscape of London and economic environment. This optimism about England as a land of possibility is linked to a more general feminist politics of liberation which may help to partly explain the books success in both the UK and the USA. (John Eade). In terms of the essays main theme- Culture, place and race, many conversations with in Brick Lane represent the changing of the newcomers and they are becoming one of the key forces of a changing Br itish nation. Their Britishness is mediated through the social and cultural heritage of their country of origin which produces a hyphenated identity through the interweaving of class, gender, generation, religion and language. (John Eade) Finally, Monica Ali uses the event of 9/11 as an opportunity to describe the Bangladeshi or Islamic communities seek to show how their true color is and representation to the outside world, especially the National Majority.

Employee Retention Essay

Work-life balance is a never-ending struggle for many companies. And then there are those who have been used to the work-life balance mantra that it is now part of their daily office routine. One of those companies is Eddie Bauer. Here, the objectives were not only very specific, it also gave fruit to efficient programs to which they became known and awarded. (Arthur, 307) Why does it make sense for Eddie Bauer to emphasize work-life balance? For Eddie Bauer, helping employees balance their work with their professional lives reduces absenteeism, increases productivity, and avoids high turnover thereby promoting retention of employees. This significantly cuts the problem on screening and recruiting new applicants as well as training these new employees. Where there is high retention rate, there is also continuity in the work processes. (Arthur, 308) Which of the nine key objectives do you think is the most important in their success in this area? Of the nine key objectives, making work more flexible is the determinant on the success of Eddie Bauer in giving work-life balance to their employees. Even if employees earn well, time is something that they can never buy. By introducing to them options from which they can choose the most fitting, they are able to maintain the balance in the personal and professional lives of their associates. Which of the programs do you think is the most important in their success in this area? Customized work environment which allows for flexible work times is the best program of all which Eddie Bauer offers. It allows employees to work at flexible times, have compressed workweeks if they need so, and allows them to choose a part-time position or share a workload with another employee. All these are fully customizable to their needs and preferences. (Arthur, 308) Why would work-life balance be good for employees? With newfound balance in their professional and personal races, employees will feel more content. They will think less about their personal circumstances while at work knowing that they are given time for these things. They also appreciate the efforts of the company, and so there is less chance for them to think of leaving. (Careerwomen. com reveals top five strategies for achieving work/life balance, 2003) Why would work-life balance be good for employers? With employees becoming more content at work, employers have everything to gain. They need not think much about recruitment of new employees to replace resigned employees. They also need not worry about retrainings and the additional costs included in it. They can then focus on expanding through recruiting additional and not replacement employees as well as enjoy the continuity of work with long-term employees. Why would work-life balance be good for customers? As peace of mind is received by employees and employers alike, work becomes more productive. Employees tend to give more to meet the expectations of the employers who have been considerate to them. Employers in return are able to invest more in customer relations. With long-term employee retention customers also get to enjoy personalized service with people who are already identified with the company. This results in a development of relationship between the company through the employee and the customer. As with the study done in Ernst & Young, employees are most likely to quit when they cannot achieve balance at work with their personal lives. (Arthur, 226) This encompasses the reason for the viability a work-life balance program. Companies who have it also have content workforces, employers with peace of mind, and satisfied customers. In the end, there is everything to gain and nothing to lose when there is balance between work and life.

The Number One Question You Must Ask for Social Justice Topic

The Number One Question You Must Ask for Social Justice Topic Social Justice Topic Can Be Fun for Everyone Writing an intriguing essay about trendy topics is an opportunity to reveal your understanding of the planet. You should make sure you've picked an adequate topic so that you may submit a high-quality essay. In the remainder of the guide, you might find how to compose a criminal law and justice essays. To start with, your essay is supposed to tackle a particular social, psychological or anthropological matter. Before submitting your assignment, you will need to be certain that it's flawless and error-free. When you are given a task to compose an essay on a social issue, you're given a chance to open an exciting discourse. The social issues research papers may appear easy to write in comparison with different topics, but still it demands an extremely creative strategy, a tremendous quantity of curiosity and capability to think beyond the box and search data in unconventional sources. These suggestions are intended to be practical and easily accomplished in order for your class will find the absolute most out of your efforts to foster increased comprehension of social justice. Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Social Justice Topic Is Wrong White people must recognize white privilege. Every issue consists of a universe of wisdom and norms that isn't shared with different problems. If you ask plenty of people to define social justice you're likely to acquire many diverse defini tions. The fact of white privilege can be one which is tough to confront for some people. The Key to Successful Social Justice Topic Now, let's consider a number of the best ideas within the next section. 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Evidently, not every citizen can be asked to take part in a poll to identify her or his consent to each proposal in which some level of coercion is involved, so one must assume that all citizens are reasonable. A company together with all of its constituent parts is a far larger entity than 1 person. A completely free market economy is vital to the manner that American companies do business. It's not sufficient to simply post on social networking. The distribution of technology doesn't always deal with the oppression in the computer system. Social Justice Topic and Social Justice Topic - The Perfect Combination When you compose a social issue essay, i t is crucial to demonstrate your private view of the issue. It is essential to present the present shape of the law reforms to obtain the complete credit and highest possible score. In reality, some can strongly oppose same-sex marriage. 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A lot of people with disabilities decide not to disclose their disabilities since there are social and material consequences for doing this. The Downside Risk of Social Justice Topic Social justice issues can happen in regard to practically any component of society where inequality can arise as a consequence of unjust prejudices or policies. Social justice is a wide concept that isn't limited to any particular religious or political movement. Bullying is among the most crucial problem in our society. There are lots of examples of social justice associated with bullying. If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Social Justice Topic If you've taken a peek at the news lately, you are aware that the world is in pretty rough form. Make what it is that you are teaching relevant to what's g oing on in the world. If you wish to be part of an exclusive club of folks who make the very same choices as you, the term vegan is spot on. Having athletes and other men and women unite is quite beneficial for whatever issue which is being focused on at the moment. Progress is being made every single day. Change has ever been the goal for everyone that's protesting.

The Importance Of Vaccines - 786 Words

A big controversy among parents is vaccinations. Should children get vaccinated? Should parents have the right to choose if they vaccinate their children? Many people believe the risk factors of a vaccination outweigh the helping abilities. A few claims on why i find this invalid include the lives saved rather than the lives lost to vaccines, the future generations protected from outbreak, and the amount of each ingredients safety in the amount used. initially, The lives saved by vaccines heavily conquer the casualties as well as the afflictions prevented. â€Å"The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) estimated that 732,000 american children were saved from death and 322 million cases of childhood illnesses were prevented between 1994 and 2014†¦show more content†¦In my personal experience students have missed up to several weeks due to the flu. With absence from class materializes a mass amount of work to do. Though, students can make up the missed worked, the lessons taught on the days not present and spent at home due to being ill cannot be made up or reviewed. This can cause an increase in the stress or anxiety a student has, if not to overwhelm them completely, and a diminishment in test grades. Conclusively, vaccines are innoxious and sanctioned; the ingredients involved in the making of them protect the masses in the amount used. â€Å"Ingredients such as thimerosal, formaldehyde, and aluminum, can be harmful in large doses but they are not used in harmful quantities in vaccines.† communicates the author of â€Å"Should Any Vaccines Be Required for Children?’ The same text also states, â€Å"children are exposed to more aluminum in breast milk and infant formula than they are exposed to in vaccines.† As someone who babysits twins from the time they have been 9 months old, I have never expressed reason to not feed the twins because of the aluminum in the formula. I understood the formula was a vital aliment for them to live a nd strive. It is selfish and absurd of me to deny a baby or child food because of my concern. Just as, in my opinion, it is foolish as well as ludicrous to not vaccinate a child, infant, fetus, toddler, etc. because of bias or belief of vaccinations. This putsShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Vaccines1035 Words   |  5 Pages Humanity is better than it was just 2 centuries ago thanks to vaccines. Currently there is a debate between people for vaccination and people who are not, called â€Å"Anti-Vaxxers†. Some feel the need to oppose vaccines because they think the ingredients are too risky, and its their choice regardless. Others feel that vaccines are beneficial because the positive effects it has on safety of our society. Vaccines should be required for everyone because the benefits outweigh the risks. 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